Indian Economy — Sectors and Planning

📘 NDA Economics · ECN06

Static GK for NDA: memorise sector names, Green Revolution facts, NITI Aayog, and India’s mixed economy structure. Simple direct recall questions.

📌 NDA Pattern: Primary/secondary/tertiary sectors • Green Revolution crops • White Revolution • NITI Aayog vs Planning Commission • Five Year Plans

1. Sectors of Economy

Primary Sector

Agriculture, Mining, Forestry

~16% GDP; ~45% employment; largest employer

Secondary Sector

Manufacturing, Industry

~29% GDP; Make in India target sector

Tertiary Sector

Services, IT, Banking

~55% GDP; India’s LARGEST sector

2. Agriculture & Planning

Green Revolution: HYV seeds for wheat and rice. MS Swaminathan (Father of Green Revolution in India). Punjab, Haryana, western UP. Made India food self-sufficient.
White Revolution (Operation Flood): Milk production. Dr Verghese Kurien. Amul cooperative model. India = world’s largest milk producer.
Planning Commission: Set up 1950; chaired by PM; prepared Five Year Plans. Abolished January 2015.
NITI Aayog: Replaced Planning Commission, 1 Jan 2015. Think tank; does NOT allocate funds. Chairperson = PM. Promotes cooperative federalism.
India = Mixed Economy: Both public sector (railways, defence) and private sector (IT, FMCG) coexist.

📝 NDA PYQIndian Economy — NDA Pattern

Q1. Which body replaced the Planning Commission on 1 January 2015? (NDA II 2023)

(a) Finance Commission (b) NITI Aayog (c) Economic Advisory Council (d) GST Council

Answer: (b) NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India)
NITI Aayog is a policy think-tank, NOT a resource-allocating body. Chairperson = PM of India. Does NOT prepare Five Year Plans or allocate funds to states (Finance Commission does that). Promotes cooperative federalism — states are partners.

Q2. Green Revolution in India primarily boosted production of which crops? (NDA I 2023)

(a) Pulses and oilseeds (b) Wheat and Rice (c) Cotton and jute (d) Sugarcane

Answer: (b) Wheat and Rice
Green Revolution (1960s-70s) used High-Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds of wheat and rice. MS Swaminathan introduced HYV wheat. Made India food self-sufficient by early 1970s. MS Swaminathan received Bharat Ratna 2024 posthumously.

📝 Rapid Revision — ECN06

🌿 Agriculture

Green Revolution = wheat + rice; MS Swaminathan
White Revolution = milk; Dr Verghese Kurien; Amul
Services = largest GDP share (~55%)
Agriculture = largest employment (~45%)

🌐 Planning

Planning Commission → NITI Aayog (1 Jan 2015)
NITI Aayog = think tank; NOT funds allocator
India = Mixed economy (public + private)
FYP ended with 12th plan (2012-17)

📝 Mock Tests 🎯 Economics Quiz ✈️ Telegram